Rujukan Sinaran latar belakang gelombang mikro kosmik

  1. 1 2 Penzias, A.A.; Wilson, R.W. (1965). "A Measurement of Excess Antenna Temperature at 4080 Mc/s". Astrophysical Journal. 142: 419–421. Bibcode:1965ApJ...142..419P. doi:10.1086/148307. 
  2. ↑ Smoot Group (28 March 1996). "The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation". Lawrence Berkeley Lab. Dicapai 2008-12-11. 
  3. 1 2 White, M. (1999). "Anisotropies in the CMB". Proceedings of the Los Angeles Meeting, DPF 99. UCLA.
  4. ↑ Wright, E.L. (2004). "Theoretical Overview of Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy". dalam W. L. Freedman. Measuring and Modeling the Universe. Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series. Cambridge University Press. m/s. 291. arXiv:astro-ph/0305591 . ISBN 0-521-75576-X. 
  5. ↑ Guth, A. H. (1998). The Inflationary Universe: The Quest for a New Theory of Cosmic Origins. Basic Books. m/s. 186. ISBN 020132840 Check |isbn= value: length (bantuan). 
  6. ↑ Cirigliano, D.; de Vega, H.J.; Sanchez, N. G. (2005). "Clarifying inflation models: The precise inflationary potential from effective field theory and the WMAP data". Physical Review D. 71 (10): 77–115. arXiv:astro-ph/0412634 . Bibcode:2005PhRvD..71j3518C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.71.103518. 
  7. ↑ Abbott, B. (2007). "Microwave (WMAP) All-Sky Survey". Hayden Planetarium. Dicapai 2008-01-13. 
  8. ↑ Gawiser, E.; Silk, J. (2000). "The cosmic microwave background radiation". Physics Reports. 333–334: 245. arXiv:astro-ph/0002044 . Bibcode:2000PhR...333..245G. doi:10.1016/S0370-1573(00)00025-9. 
  9. ↑ Smoot, G. F. (2006). "Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Anisotropies: Their Discovery and Utilization". Nobel Lecture. Nobel Foundation. Dicapai 2008-12-22. 
  10. ↑ Hobson, M.P.; Efstathiou, G.; Lasenby, A.N. (2006). General Relativity: An Introduction for Physicists. Cambridge University Press. m/s. 388. ISBN 0521829518. 
  11. ↑ Unsöld, A.; Bodo, B. (2002). The New Cosmos, An Introduction to Astronomy and Astrophysics (edisi 5th). Springer–Verlag. m/s. 485. ISBN 3-540-67877-8. 
  12. 1 2 McKellar, A. (1941). "Molecular Lines from the Lowest States of Diatomic Molecules Composed of Atoms Probably Present in Interstellar Space". Publications of the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory (Victoria, BC). 7: 251–272. doi:10.1016/0969-8051(96)00073-X. 
  13. ↑ Weinberg, S. (1972). Oxford Astronomy Encyclopedia. John Wiley & Sons. m/s. 514. ISBN 0471925675. 
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 Kragh, H. (1999). Cosmology and Controversy: The Historical Development of Two Theories of the Universe. ISBN 069100546X.  "Pada tahun 1946, Robert Dicke dan rakan kerja di MIT menguji peralatan yang mampu menguji latar gelombang mikro kosmik yang kekuatannya sekitar 20K dalam kawasan gelombang mikro. Bagaimanapun, mereka tidak merujuk kepada latar sedemikian, tetapi hanya pada 'sinaran dari bahan kosmik'. Juga, kerja ini tidak berkait dengan kosmologi dan hanya disebut kerana ia dicadangkan bahawa pada tahun 1950, pengesanan sinaran latar mungkin boleh dilakukan secara teknikal, dan juga kerana peranan Dicke kemudiannya dalam jumpaan". See also Dicke, R. H. (1946). "Atmospheric Absorption Measurements with a Microwave Radiometer". Physical Review. 70 (5–6): 340–348. Bibcode:1946PhRv...70..340D. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.70.340.  Parameter |coauthors= tidak diketahui diabaikan (guna |author=) (bantuan)
  15. ↑ Gamow, G. (2004) [1961]. Cosmology and Controversy: The Historical Development of Two Theories of the Universe. Courier Dover Publications. m/s. 40. ISBN 9780486438689. 
  16. ↑ Kragh, H. (1999:132). "Alpher dan Herman kali pertama mengira suhu semasa bagi radiasi primordial berpisah pada tahun 1948, dan mereka melaporkan nilai 5 K. Sungguhpun ia tidak disebut ketika itu mahupun dalam terbitan selepasnya bahawa sinaran itu dalam kawasan gelombang mikro, ini diikuti segera dari suhu... Alpher dan Herman menyatakan dengan jelas bahawa apa yang mereka panggil "suhu alam semesta" pada tahun sebelumnya merujuk kepada sinaran latar jasad hitam amat berlainan dari cahaya suria".
  17. ↑ Shmaonov, T. A. (1957). "Commentary". Pribory i Tekhnika Experimenta (dalam bahasa Russian). 1: 83. doi:10.1016/S0890-5096(06)60772-3. Selenggaraan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak dikenali (link)
  18. ↑ Naselsky, P. D.; Novikov, D.I.; Novikov, I. D. (2006). The Physics of the Cosmic Microwave Background. ISBN 0521855500. 
  19. ↑ Doroshkevich, A. G.; Novikov, I.D. (1964). "Mean Density of Radiation in the Metagalaxy and Certain Problems in Relativistic Cosmology". Soviet Physics Doklady. 9: 4292. doi:10.1021/es990537g. 
  20. ↑ Sanders, R. (13 October 2006). "UC Berkeley, LBNL cosmologist George F. Smoot awarded 2006 Nobel Prize in Physics". UC Berkeley News. Dicapai 2008-12-11.  Parameter |coauthors= tidak diketahui diabaikan (guna |author=) (bantuan)
  21. ↑ Kovac, J.M. (2002). "Detection of polarization in the cosmic microwave background using DASI". Nature. 420 (6917): 772–787. arXiv:astro-ph/0209478 . Bibcode:2002Natur.420..772K. doi:10.1038/nature01269. PMID 12490941.  Parameter |coauthors= tidak diketahui diabaikan (guna |author=) (bantuan)
  22. ↑ Readhead, A. C. S. (2004). "Polarization Observations with the Cosmic Background Imager". Science. 306 (5697): 836–844. arXiv:astro-ph/0409569 . Bibcode:2004Sci...306..836R. doi:10.1126/science.1105598. PMID 15472038.  Parameter |coauthors= tidak diketahui diabaikan (guna |author=) (bantuan)
  23. ↑ Gamow, G. (1948). "The Origin of Elements and the Separation of Galaxies". Physical Review. 74 (4): 505–506. Bibcode:1948PhRv...74..505G. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.74.505.2. 
  24. ↑ Gamow, G. (1948). "The evolution of the universe". Nature. 162 (4122): 680–682. Bibcode:1948Natur.162..680G. doi:10.1038/162680a0. PMID 18893719. 
  25. ↑ Alpher, R. A.; Herman, R. C. (1948). "On the Relative Abundance of the Elements". Physical Review. 74 (12): 1737–1742. Bibcode:1948PhRv...74.1737A. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.74.1737. 
  26. ↑ Assis, A. K. T.; Neves, M. C. D. (1995). "History of the 2.7 K Temperature Prior to Penzias and Wilson" (PDF) (3): 79–87.  but see also Wright, E. L. (2006). "Eddington's Temperature of Space". UCLA. Dicapai 2008-12-11. 
  27. ↑ Penzias, A. A. (2006). "The origin of elements" (PDF). Nobel lecture. Nobel Foundation. Dicapai 2006-10-04. 
  28. ↑ Dicke, R. H. (1946). "The Measurement of Thermal Radiation at Microwave Frequencies". Review of Scientific Instruments. 17: 268–275. Bibcode:1946RScI...17..268D. doi:10.1063/1.1770483. PMID 20991753.  Reka bentuk asas bagi radiometer telah digunakan dalam kebanyakan ujikaji latar belakang gelombang mikro kosmik berikutnya.
  29. ↑ Dicke, R. H. (1965). "Cosmic Black-Body Radiation". Astrophysical Journal. 142: 414–419. Bibcode:1965ApJ...142..414D. doi:10.1086/148306.  Parameter |coauthors= tidak diketahui diabaikan (guna |author=) (bantuan)
  30. ↑ The history is given in Peebles, P. J. E (1993). Principles of Physical Cosmology. Princeton University Press. m/s. 139–148. ISBN 0691019339. 
  31. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1978". Nobel Foundation. 1978. Dicapai 2009-01-08. 
  32. ↑ Narlikar, J. V.; Wickramasinghe, N. C. (1967). "Microwave Background in a Steady State Universe". Nature. 216 (5110): 43–44. Bibcode:1967Natur.216...43N. doi:10.1038/216043a0. 
  33. ↑ Peebles, P. J. E. (1991). "The case for the relativistic hot big bang cosmology". Nature. 352 (6338): 769–776. Bibcode:1991Natur.352..769P. doi:10.1038/352769a0.  Parameter |coauthors= tidak diketahui diabaikan (guna |author=) (bantuan)
  34. ↑ Harrison, E. R. (1970). "Fluctuations at the threshold of classical cosmology". Physical Review D. 1: 2726–2730. Bibcode:1970PhRvD...1.2726H. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.1.2726. 
  35. ↑ Peebles, P. J. E.; Yu, J. T. (1970). "Primeval Adiabatic Perturbation in an Expanding Universe". Astrophysical Journal. 162: 815–836. Bibcode:1970ApJ...162..815P. doi:10.1086/150713. 
  36. ↑ Zeldovich, Y. B. (1972). "A hypothesis, unifying the structure and the entropy of the Universe". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 160: 1P–4P. doi:10.1016/S0026-0576(07)80178-4. 
  37. ↑ Doroshkevich, A. G.; Zel'Dovich, Y. B.; Syunyaev, R. A. (12–16 September 1977). "Fluctuations of the microwave background radiation in the adiabatic and entropic theories of galaxy formation". In Longair, M. S. and Einasto, J.. The large scale structure of the universe; Proceedings of the Symposium. Tallinn, Estonian SSR: Dordrecht, D. Reidel Publishing Co.. m/s. 393–404. While this is the first paper to discuss the detailed observational imprint of density inhomogeneities as anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background, some of the groundwork was laid in Peebles and Yu, above.
  38. ↑ Smooth, G. F. (1992). "Structure in the COBE differential microwave radiometer first-year maps". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 396 (1): L1–L5. Bibcode:1992ApJ...396L...1S. doi:10.1086/186504.  Parameter |coauthors= tidak diketahui diabaikan (guna |author=) (bantuan)
  39. ↑ Bennett, C.L. (1996). "Four-Year COBE DMR Cosmic Microwave Background Observations: Maps and Basic Results". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 464: L1–L4. arXiv:astro-ph/9601067 . Bibcode:1996ApJ...464L...1B. doi:10.1086/310075.  Parameter |coauthors= tidak diketahui diabaikan (guna |author=) (bantuan)
  40. ↑ Grupen, C. (2005). Astroparticle Physics. Springer. m/s. 240–241. ISBN 3540253122.  Parameter |coauthors= tidak diketahui diabaikan (guna |author=) (bantuan)
  41. ↑ Miller, A. D. (1999). "A Measurement of the Angular Power Spectrum of the Microwave Background Made from the High Chilean Andes". Astrophysical Journal. 521 (2): L79–L82. arXiv:astro-ph/9905100 . Bibcode:1999ApJ...521L..79T. doi:10.1086/312197.  Parameter |coauthors= tidak diketahui diabaikan (guna |author=) (bantuan)
  42. ↑ Melchiorri, A. (2000). "A Measurement of Ω from the North American Test Flight of Boomerang". Astrophysical Journal. 536 (2): L63–L66. arXiv:astro-ph/9911445 . Bibcode:2000ApJ...536L..63M. doi:10.1086/312744.  Parameter |coauthors= tidak diketahui diabaikan (guna |author=) (bantuan)
  43. ↑ Hanany, S. (2000). "MAXIMA-1: A Measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy on Angular Scales of 10'-5°". Astrophysical Journal. 545 (1): L5–L9. arXiv:astro-ph/0005123 . Bibcode:2000ApJ...545L...5H. doi:10.1086/317322.  Parameter |coauthors= tidak diketahui diabaikan (guna |author=) (bantuan)
  44. ↑ de Bernardis, P. (2000). "A flat Universe from high-resolution maps of the cosmic microwave background radiation". Nature. 404 (6781): 955–959. arXiv:astro-ph/0004404 . Bibcode:2000Natur.404..955D. doi:10.1038/35010035. PMID 10801117.  Parameter |coauthors= tidak diketahui diabaikan (guna |author=) (bantuan)
  45. ↑ Pogosian, L. (2003). "Observational constraints on cosmic string production during brane inflation". Physical Review D. 68 (2): 023506. arXiv:hep-th/0304188 . Bibcode:2003PhRvD..68b3506P. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.68.023506.  Parameter |coauthors= tidak diketahui diabaikan (guna |author=) (bantuan)
  46. ↑

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